Little Rock Nine Essay

The picture I am painting is of Little Rock Nine. It was about nine black kids who enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957 which was a very segregated time; it was an all white school. When white people found out black kids was going to be attending the school they was furious. They reacted poorly; there were mobs of white people waiting for the kids outside of the school. They yelled racist slurs at the black kids, threw food, and even attacked them. In the picture I’m drawing is Elizabeth Eckford, she was one of the nine students. She didn’t graduate from Little Rock Central High School though only Earnest Green, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls graduated. In the picture she is wearing glasses and walking through the crowd as they screamed in her face, she never lost her composure; she kept calm as if they weren’t even around. Little Rock Nine was important in the Civil Rights movement because they were the first black students to be allowed to attend an all white high school, after the use of segregation was deemed unconstitutional. The event is considered very important to the Civil Rights Movement, because it was supported by the president at the time Dwight D. Eisenhower and because it gave insight into the plight of the African American, and how poorly they were treated. What struck me about this moment in history is how the nine kids didn’t quit even though white people tormented them. That type of drive inspires me to never give up even when times get hard because there will always be a good outcome out of every bad situation, even if you don’t see it right away, because when your down you can only go up.

Believe in God and God will Protect You

When evil reaches its peak, God showers its wrath on this mother Earth; these are not just the spoken words but each and every word of it is formulated as the voice of God in Bible through the story of Noah’s Ark and the Flood. This story in itself is a lesson for human beings to always incarnate, within their heart and soul, trust for God. In this world of today where man has generated immense wealth for himself but along with it, greediness has also taken over his soul. In this egoistic and greediness attitude, he often forgets, he owe his life to the nature and to the nature only he has to return. He has covered his eyes with the clothes of ignorance and this ignorance does not allow him to see the consequences of his actions and results and when the situation goes out of hands, it becomes impossible for him to escape the wrath of God and nature. Bible’s stories are not only the stories of bygone past but also the story of today’s generation.   Noah’s story holds true not only in the contemporary society when it was written but for many generations past, and has relevance even today. This intricate nature of greediness has never subsided from man and to prove the point I will tell you story of a trader for whom it was popular that wealth would never vanish from his lockers. He was living with his wife, two sons and a daughter whom he adored a lot. Among the entire tradesmen, he was the richest and most respected of all. Day in day out, he was getting richer as if Goddess of wealth had showered all her blessings on him, but at the same time, pride and greediness had also occupied his soul. He would often boast of his wealth in front of every one who would come to his house or just pass him on the way, but he was ignorant of the fact that the way he was getting richer would one day become the cause of his doom too. In the quest of power and wealth, he even began to cheat other traders and his old time customers and dealers. In almost all the meetings, he would make fool of the people and take advantage of their simplicity. He would evade the law with impeccable perfection but he was possessive of his children and showered love on them but his egoism appeal never allowed him to have faith in God. In their whole family, it was only his daughter Sara who was different then others, as she was the most religious girl and would often be seen indulging in prayers and thanking God. She would often get rebuked from other members of the family and she with a smiling face would try to explain his father the power of prayers, but his father would often ignore her advice. Though man is possessed with all the materialistic wealth yet each man is suffering from moral debility and spiritual desiccation and same was true with Christopher. One day as he was so engrossed in revering his wealth and counting again and again his earnings, he did not realize, at the back corner of the room just behind his television, spark began to immerse out of the electricity wire and, when he was aware of the situation, it was too late. Wire hung from his television set burst into flames engulfing the entire room. He was not able to breathe properly and with great difficulty managed himself out of the room but soon fainted. After two hours when he gained consciousness he found himself at the hospital bed, and when he asked about the condition of his family and house, he was at the same time surprised as well as shocked. The fire had gushed down his whole room as well as adjacent rooms but there was only place in his entire house where fire did not even touch, it was his daughter’s place of worship. When Sara’s room also caught fire, she instead of running away closed her eyes, folded her hands to pray to God and traced her step towards her place of worship where on one platform stood Jesus’s framed photograph. She kept her cool and stayed near her Jesus while whole room was bursting with fire. All her belongings reduced to ashes and only things, which remained intact was her life and the photo of Jesus. This is a power of prayer. All the property of Christopher gutted down and the only thing left with him was the remembrance of his past days and his own family. He was now a poor man. One night before this incident, God had appeared before him and warned him to mend his ways else he would be punished, but he ignored the voice of God. Now when facing the abject poverty, he remembered this dream with remorse in his eyes. He now bowed his head towards God seeking pardon and redemption of his sins. Only one good thing he did in his life time and that was his true love for his family. So in this crucial period of his life, his family was with him taking care of him with utmost devotion. Bible through the story of Noah’s Ark and the Flood, warned the people to mend their ways, else they had to bear the God’s wrath and there won’t be any escape for them. In the story the people of the whole town were rich but were greedy and capricious. God send Noah time and again to warn these area against the wrath of God. But again and again they would refuse to accept the advice, as pride had already blinded them; instead they began to chalk out measures to protect themselves from the danger of floods. They said if God would send the flood of fire, they knew the way to protect themselves; if the flood of water would gush from the earth below or from rivers they would cover it with iron rods and if floods fell from heaven, they had means to protect themselves from that too. Christopher was greedy too and began to think himself above God. One hundred and twenty years were given to these people because near them lived a very pious and religious man, Methuselah. As long as he and other pious men would live, God would save them from destruction and wouldn’t shower any curse upon them. But when Methuselah died, still God gave them another week to mourn his death. During this week, there was complete change in workings of nature. Sun rose in the west and set in the east, and God even gave dainties to the sinners to show them that they would soon die and had to leave all their luxuries behind, which were being provided by the mother Earth. Even then sinners were adamant and when other religious and pious men too died, God began to show his signs of fury.   The whole area was flooded and only those people and animals that believed in God entered into Noah’s newly build Arch and got saved. Sara too just like Noah and other living beings was saved as she went into the shelter of God. It is aptly clear that greediness is a main culprit of man kind and whole hearted trust in God is a blessing for them. REFERNCE LIST Ginzberg, L. Noah. Legends of the Jews. Volume I. Retrieved on April 17 2008 from W.W.W: http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/lginzberg/bl-lginzberg-legends-1-4e.htm      

The Principal Object of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

The Principal Object of Management - Essay Example Most scholars have proposed different models of organization management as well as different models of choosing the model that best fits an organization. He is fast to note the interests of both the employer and employee are the same, and one cannot prosper without the other. Both the employer and the employee should train each individual to produce at his highest possible level of efficiency In his book, â€Å"The Sociology of Organization: Classical, Critical and Contemporary Reading, Handel, Michael (2003) provides a collection of several scholarly articles on Organizational Theories. I will examine some of the models in the collection, highlighting their weaknesses and their strengths. Weber, (2009, pg 50) classifies authority basing on the allegiance pledged by the subjects to their leaders. He identifies three types of authority. In Rational Authority, the subjects submit to authority by virtue of legal issues. They don’t have any intimate relational issues with the senior. This system is common in firms which have established themselves over time such that the subjects submit to the leader by virtue of submitting to the firm. A good example is in today’s modern states, whereby the citizens are not directly loyal to the president, or the government, but the legal system of the nation. Traditional authority, in its part, features subjects who submit to traditions surrounding the authority. For instance, the subjects of a kingdom pledge their allegiance to the king’s son simply because he is of a certain bloodline. He contrasts both of these to Charismatic Authority, in which subjects devote themselves to an individual based on her expertise an d exceptional character. He argues that the most superior form of administration in any organization is bureaucracy, which in its part implies individual domination by knowledge. This attributes to the precision of decision making,  clarity and consistency of knowledge.  

Chinese Culture and Modern Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese Culture and Modern Therapy - Essay Example Representatives of different cultures have diverse values, demonstrate varying behaviors, adopt different perspectives, and in some cases even varied susceptibility to diseases. Cultural differences are more profound than individual variations due to patient illness, social class, economic status, or educational background. A popular view among health professionals is that showing respect is the key to resolving absolute majority of cultural problems. Unfortunately, this simple recipe is not always effective: the profound differences between Chinese and American cultures presented below demonstrate that respect is only one aspect of cultural competence. Chinese culture is characterized by specific attitude toward self. Thus, American Peter Hessler claims this to be the biggest difference between the West and what he observed while teaching literature in one of the Chinese provinces: "the sense of self seemed largely external; you were identified by the way that others viewed you" (Hessler 2001: 282). This difference is also reflected on the famous Geert Hofstede's model of cultural value orientation. The model consists of five dimensions, one of which is individualism. This dimension reveals the degree to which the society reinforces individual or collective achievement. In case the IDV index is high, individuality and individual rights are emphasized by the society: citizens in such societies rely primarily upon themselves, and form a little number of closer relationships. If the IDV is low, the society is characterized by high degree of collectivism and closer relationships between individuals: such societies reinforce extended families and collectives with responsibility being shared between all members. The difference between the United States and China is literally striking on this dimension: the U.S. ranks at 91 on Hofstede's scale (100 points is maximum) while China - at only 15, which is the lowest score (Hofstede, 2003). The high ranking for the United States indicates a society with a more individualistic attitude and relatively loose bonds with others. Self-reliance is the most distinctive feature of such society. The low ranking of Chine indicates and absolutely different system of attitudes toward self and implies much closer bonds with others. Consequently, American health practitioners adopt more patient-centered approach putting emphasis on autonomy of the patients and their "right to know" precisely because American culture paying relatively little attention to social groups (including families) they belong to. This attitude is not common in Chinese health care because it contradicts the cultural orientation toward collectivism. The custom in Chinese culture is to first inform a patient's family about a prognosis, especially when the prognosis is bad. After that the family makes a decision about the information the patient himself should receive. Members of Chinese and other similar cultural groups may feel that it would be wrong and insensitive to inform the patient about the risks associated with his illness: "this would only cause the patient great stress and even hasten death by destroying hope" (Galanti, 2000:335). Treatment decisions made by Chinese patients are strongly influenced by the family or social groups t hey are affiliated with. Therefore, involvement of family members in the process of treatment is likely to make the therapy

Examples of attributes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examples of attributes - Essay Example rmacist aunt in Jordan and has been reinforced by my experiences during the period I volunteered to work in the Emergency Room of the Methodist Hospital, which opportunely happened to be just across the corridor from the Pharmacy. I grabbed any opportunity which presented itself to observe the pharmacists and their interaction with the patients and even went so far as to convince one of the pharmacists to let me ‘shadow’ her for a couple of days! Believe me, the more I saw, the more I liked what I saw of pharmacy! Belonging to a family of doctors and pharmacists does go a long way towards stimulating intellectual curiosity. My earliest memories of family life are filled with hazy recollections of animated discussions and even heated debates centered round medical ethics, drug research and exciting laboratory breakthroughs. Of course, as a child, I hardly grasped the issues involved and most of it was just lively chatter to me. However, the seeds were sown for my growing curiosity to learn more about these subjects which could evoke such passionate responses from my family. This intellectual stimulation has steered me towards the conviction that pharmacy is the path I want to pursue in life. My growing fascination with the world of drugs has been unequivocally reinforced over the years as I gained the relevant academic knowledge. I think that drugs are the miracle workers of medical science. I never cease to marvel at the fact that it is miniscule quantities of chemical substances that are actually responsible for the working of the human brain and contribute to everything from physiological well-being to states of mind! This a major part of the reason why I enjoy being a student instructor in Chemistry. Wanting to further explore this world, I decided to work at a National Home Care Institute as an Oasis. As a part of this service, I entered the nurses’ notes and records of medication into the computer and reviewed the accuracy of the medication and the

Prehistoric Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prehistoric Art - Essay Example During 1940, four teenagers discovered the wealth of artistry within these caves (Lascaux 2007). According to Cornwell, "the cave was evidently a sanctuary for the performance of sacred rites and ceremonies." Lascaux contains the earliest traces of man's civilizations and holds the key in unlocking the prehistoric period. To date, it is estimated that the paintings on its walls totals around 20, 000. Because of its age, many of the images are hardly discernable while the others have deteriorated. The caves feature realistic images of large animals which are believed to have thrived within the area thousands of years ago. Among these paintings are animals called aurochs which, according to fossil evidence have lived in France during the period. The largest portion of the paintings is identified to be animals like horses, stags, cattle, and bison, while there are also drawings of geometric figures. Non-figurative images are speculated by one researcher to be illustrations of the night sky as the painted dots correlate with various constellations (Lascaux 2007). Aside from the illustrations of animals which thrived during the period, Lascaux is also said to house the "one of the humanity's earliest narrative compositions" (Virtual Realities n.d.). The writer described this particular scene: "Almost cartoonlike in appearance, it shows a man with the face (or mask) of a bird, engaged with an apparently fatal disagreement with a wounded bison. As the bison uses its head and horns as a weapon, the man falls stiffly back, apparently to his death" (Virtual Realities n.d.) Thus, Lascaux does not only depict the different players in the early civilization but expresses stories which have not been put in words by ancient man. The Altamira in Spain is another famous haven for prehistoric art. Like the Lascaux, Altamira is a cave which features drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild animals and human hands. Because of its perceived importance in understanding the civilization of man, the UNESCO declared Altamira as a World Heritage Site (Altamira 2007). The 270 meter cave is comprised of twisting passages and chambers. The formation of the cave is due to the "collapses following early karstic phenomena in calcerous rock of Mount Vispieres" (Altamira Cave n.d.). Excavations on the site reveal two levels of archeological levels; one belongs to the Solutrean and the other to the Magdalenian. The Solutrean culture is said to have been formed from the occupation in the cave around 18, 500 years ago. Aside from the paintings, artifacts have also been excavated from this civilization. The Magdalenian period dates back 15, 500 and 14, 000 years ago (Altamira Cave n.d.). The most famous of area in the cave is known as the Ceiling of the Polychromes. This features superimposed paintings and engravings the most prominent of which shows herd of bison in different poses, two horses, a large doe and a possible wild boar (Altamira 2007). In addition are numbers of more indiscernible figures of what seems to be an elk and "a series of enigmatic signs and red stains appearing in direct contrast with other figures that have clearly been superimposed." This art are traced to the Magdelenean occupation. On the other hand, these red painting inside the

Facebook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook - Research Paper Example In the view of such vulnerable position, the state legislative entities have shown their concern regarding the state of security being provided by Face book. Senate has shown its interest in bid to make Face book more secure (Teschler 2010). The aims of the paper is to evaluate the present state of Face book services, its security functions, the potential loopholes and safety that is offered by Face book, assess the level of concern shown by different segments and the possible changes that may be made in order to make Face book more effective and less insecure. Face book has become the most famous and successful social network in the internet world. According to Alexa, a website the specializes in the determination of the ranking of the web sites, Face book is the runner-up behind the famous search engine Google (Alexa 2012). However, surrounding the Face book revolution and evolution drama, there have been controversies, speculations and rumors about the privacy policy of this, first social network in the world. Recently, the issue received considerable attention from the media. Therefore, there are two sides, those who agree with the policy of Face book and those who are against the Privacy Policy. The issue has ballooned during the recent revolutions in the world, especially "The Arab Spring". The reason is that planning for the revolutions happened on pages or within groups on Face book specifically. Because of this, some Governments have to stand against the policy of Face book. For example, Saudi Arabias King Abdullah had wanted to buy out Face book for $150 billion because he was very upset with Mark Zukerberg, who is the CEO of Face book, for allowing revolt Face book pages in Egypt and Libya to be formed (BBC 2011). According to Mark Zukerberg, it is the users themselves, who seek such an expanded option list and further, people are less insecure due to the prevailing trends that have evolved over

Britain and the Creation of Israel Research Paper

Britain and the Creation of Israel - Research Paper Example ‘Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you on behalf of His Majesty’s Government the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist Aspirations, which have been submitted to and approved by the cabinet: His Majesty’s Government view with favor the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the success of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. I shall be grateful if you bring this declaration to the Knowledge of the Zionist Federation’ (Yapp p. 290). There had been fights in Palestine and at this time the only prudent solution seemed to be the birth of a Jewish state that would accommodate the Jews in Palestine and thereby curb the existing situation where fights were marring the region. The issue about the Jewish State had been facilitated or initiated in 1896 by a Hungary based Jewish Journalist named Theodor Herzl. He had categorically asserted that the only solution to the growing resistance of the Semite speakers which included the Jews was through the establishment of a new sate or what was called the Jewish state. The Jewish people in Palestine were not settled due to the growing anti-Semitism in the Middle East and they felt that they needed a home of their own where they could live peacefully without being influenced and affected by the forces from the other countries. This led to the establishment of the Zionist Organization in 1897 which pressed for the formation or the establishment of a Home for the Jews in Palestine. The steps to attain the Israel State were crippled by the death of Theodor Herzl in 1904 but the people who were left to lead the organization pushed further and there seemed to be hope at the end.  In the first meeting between Weizmann and Balfour in 1906, Balfour proposed that the Jews were to be given the British Protectorate of Uganda as at that time it was under British Rule.

Roll of thunder, hear my cry Essay Example for Free

Roll of thunder, hear my cry Essay The first characters name to be mention in the whole story is Little Mans and that is because Cassie is addressing him as he is slowing down the group of people who are on their way to school in their best clothes on their first day of this term. My first impression of him which I got from the second paragraph was that he didnt like getting anything dirty at all, and tried his best to see it that way and that he was also looking forward to his first day of school, which was the opposite to the others. He gave me the impression of the direct opposite of a young boy, as I would have thought he wouldnt have wanted to go to school or stay clean. Mildred Taylor introduces Little Man in another different way because he is described while Cassie is observing him, as if she is writing down exactly what she is seeing at the time whereas Christopher-Johns description is more like an aside to what is happening. The portrait of Little Man is built up gradually as you read about his interactions with the other characters and this builds up layers of details to give the reader on big picture of him. The other character that is mentioned throughout the first chapter who you dont actually meet until the end is Mama, and even thought there is no description of her I immediately got the impression that she was in charge of the children and their lives as she was mentioned as a threat at first and then as a person to turn to when Cassie and Little Man have the episode about the books. The only real information that is given about Mama is just before she is encountered, and it is a description of her hair and nothing else which leaves the rest up to the readers imagination. Mildred Taylor also succeeds in accomplishing a little background to the story as she describes the history of the Logan land and the land around it which gives the story a setting. This is important as this establishes the basic facts about who owns what and how the local area operates and differentiates between black and white people. The author sets the story straight generally about how everyones lives interact with each others, including how people make money and how the children are educated. She also shows the importance of family life because the children are all interacting with each other and they are always mentioning Mama and I think these two facts will come into play greatly at the end of the story. Mildred Taylor also gives the reader information about the situation in history at the time including the Logan land but more importantly how black people and white people have got a long in the past which I think will give the reader some background about why certain people act in certain ways and why somethings have come to be. Mildred Taylor also slips in little pieces of information along the way about how each character reacts with each other and gives the author and overall feel of how they are now as if suggesting that they wont be like this later on in the story. The first chapter is written very cleverly because it combines character introductions, background information and little pieces of information to make this chapter and the rest of the story piece together and I think Mildred Taylor has made it very successful in getting all this information across to the reader. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Political Climate of the 1970s Essay Example for Free

Political Climate of the 1970s Essay The 1970s were times of chaotic events held over from the chaos of the 1960s. The 70s brought Americans an end to the Vietnam War and a change in the political and social perspectives, another presidency term with Richard M. Nixon, and his policies of engagement, and the Watergate scandal, leading to the first resignation of an American President. The end of the Vietnam War led to political and social fallout around the globe, especially in America. All of the chaos of the 1970s also led Americans to have a changed perspective in their government. People were beginning to notice similarities between Nixons policies of engagement and strategies used during the Cold War, and the aftermath of the Watergate scandal led many Americans to doubt the role of their government and its power. In 1969, Nixon built his presidential campaign on the idea of ending the Vietnam War. Early in his administration, the president outlined a foreign policy based on a low profile and on reductions in the U.S. role abroad. Many believe this was the reason for Nixons election. Fed up with the war in Vietnam, Americans were ready to get our soldiers home. Nixon considered his engagement strategy peace with honor. Nixons priority was the settlement of the Vietnam crisis while using the peace with honor code. Nixon found an ally in Henry Kissinger who was the Nation Security Advisor and working together to end the crisis in Vietnam. One strategy was called Vietnamization, a carrot on a stick method, which would to gradually move the troops away and force the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves in order to advance peace talks in Paris. (Davidson et al., 2002 pg 895) The truth of the matter is that Nixon continued with the Vietnam War for nearly four more years. Nixons peace with honor code or policy of engagement was similar to Truman and the Cold War. Truman used the treat of nuclear arms attacks to scare the communist bloc from expanding. When the peace with honor code did not work, that is when Nixon took action on an earlier threat by using troops, force, and weapons. Nixons policy of engagement also differs somewhat from the strategies used by others during the Cold War. Where containment assumed a bipolar world, Nixons policy of detente saw the world as multi-polar. (Davidson et al., 2002, p. 907) By the end of March 1973, The Vietnam War had ended. All U.S. fighting forces  had been withdrawn. (Vietnam War, 2007) The political and social aftermath of the Vietnam War hit America almost immediately. In July 1971, for the first year in the century, it appeared that the U.S. would import more merchandise than it exported, and consequently it faced a severe deficit in its balance of payments. A federal budget deficit of about $20 billion was projected for fiscal 1971. In August, a crisis in world monetary stability was evident, and the value of the dollar was threatened for the second time in a year. (The Vietnam War Period, 2007) By the end of the 1970s, the National Debt was nearly $382 billion. From spending money during the war and cutting costs to federal programs, the nation was experiencing severe recession in 40 years. This recession affected many families, which became dual income households due to necessity. The government tried to fix this spiraling problem by raising minimum wage, but with each wage increase came inflation and higher unemployment rates. To curb this growing problem, reversing his previous refusal to impose price and wage controls, Nixon announced a 3-month freeze on wages, prices, and rents. (TVWP, 2007) Before Nixon had a chance to work on changing the economic problems in America he was surrounded by the Watergate scandal. From the fall of 1973 through the summer of 1974, the evidence steadily mounted that President Nixon himself was implicated in the Watergate burglary and its attempted cover-up, and that it was indeed only one aspect of a series of lawless acts committed by the administration. As a result, by the beginning of August 1974 the president was faced with imminent impeachment. He resigned on August 9, the first president of the U.S. to do so. (TVWP, 2007) Americans have come to believe the worst about government, politics, and politicians. It didnt start with Watergate, but Watergate turned an erosion of public confidence into a collapse. The downturn came to a climax with Watergate. Americans saw a presidency disintegrate before their eyes, criminal conspiracies at the highest level of government and a president driven out of office. The effect on public trust was immediate and dramatic. Watergate crushed the publics faith in government. In 1974, a little more than a third of Americans 36 percent said they still trusted the government. (Americans in the 1950s and 1960s saw there government as successful. They had led the country out of a depression and won a World War. The 1970s did  not carry that same prestige, instead the American public saw there elected leader in the center of a severe scandal, the worst recession in 40 years, and an embarrassing loss to an un-winnable war. Since Watergate, nothing has happened to restore public trust. (Bill, 1997). By the end of the 1970s, Americans were ready for change. The Vietnam War had ended, Nixon had resigned from office, and there was a lack of trust in government officials. Many Americans believed the 1980s were going to be that time of change. Nixon was a professional politician when elected president. Since that did not fare well, there was heightened contempt in professional politics. This created a market for outsiders and non-professionals for the job of Presidency. Many Americans today still crave for the Eisenhower or Kennedy era, but not since then has there been that kind of support for an elected president. Only when special interests groups stay out of politics or presidents remember they are leading by example will that return. Lets all hope that day will be sooner rather then later. References Vietnam War. (2007). _World Almanac Encyclopedia,_ Retrieved November 19, 2007 from facts.com database. Davidson, J. W., Gienapp, W. E., Heyrman, C. L., Lytle, M. H., Stoff, M. B. (2002). _Nations of Nations: A Concise Narrative of the American Republic_ (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Bill Schneider, (1997). Cynicism Didnt Start With Watergate. _allPolitics_. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/ _United States of America: HistoryFrom Watergate Through the 2000 Election._ (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2007, from The World Almanac Encyclopedia @ FACTS.com database.